Aeronautics

Ae 100. Research in Aeronautics. Units to be arranged in accordance with work accomplished. Open to suitably qualified undergraduates and first-year graduate students under the direction of the staff. Credit is based on the satisfactory completion of a substantive research report, which must be approved by the Ae 100 adviser and by the option representative.

Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc. Fluid Mechanics. 9 units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisites: APh 17 or ME 18, and ME 19 or equivalent, ACM 95/100 or equivalent (may be taken concurrently). Fundamentals of fluid mechanics. Microscopic and macroscopic properties of liquids and gases; the continuum hypothesis; review of thermodynamics; general equations of motion; kinematics; stresses; constitutive relations; vorticity, circulation; Bernoulli’s equation; potential flow; thin-airfoil theory; surface gravity waves; buoyancy-driven flows; rotating flows; viscous creeping flow; viscous boundary layers; introduction to stability and turbulence; quasi one-dimensional compressible flow; shock waves; unsteady compressible flow; acoustics. Instructors: Shepherd, McKeon.

Ae/AM/CE/ME 102 abc. Mechanics of Structures and Solids. 9 units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisite: ME 35 abc or equivalent. Static and dynamic stress analysis. Two- and three-dimensional theory of stressed elastic solids. Analysis of structural elements with applications in a variety of fields. Variational theorems and approximate solutions, finite elements. A variety of special topics will be discussed in the third term such as, but not limited to, elastic stability, wave propagation, and introductory fracture mechanics. Instructor: Ravichandran.

Ae 103 abc. Propulsion, Dynamics, and Control of Aircraft and Spacecraft. 9 units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisites: ACM 95/100 abc or equivalent (may be taken concurrently); basic fluid mechanics; CDS 110 a or equivalent for third term only. First term: elementary airfoil and wing theory, basic compressible flow, and performance evaluations (range, climb, turning). Second term: combustion and propulsion, with an emphasis on gas turbines, but also including propellers, ram/scramjets, PDEs, and rockets. Third term: aerodynamic stability derivatives, control surfaces, small amplitude dynamical motions, and application of classical and modern control theory to feedback control of rigid aircraft. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae/APh 104 abc. Experimental Methods. 9 units (3-0-6) first term; (1-3-5) second, third terms. Prerequisites: ACM 95/100 abc or equivalent (may be taken concurrently), Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc or equivalent (may be taken concurrently). Lectures on experiment design and implementation. Measurement methods, transducer fundamentals, instrumentation, optical systems, signal processing, noise theory, analog and digital electronic fundamentals, with data acquisition and processing systems. Experiments (second and third terms) in solid and fluid mechanics with emphasis on current research methods. Instructor: Dabiri.

Ae 105 abc. Aerospace Engineering. 9 units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisites: APh 17 or ME 18 and ME 19 or equivalent. Ae 101 and 102 may be taken concurrently. Part a: fundamentals of aerospace engineering and mechanics, launch vehicles and systems, rocket and space propulsion fundamentals, orbital mechanics and astrodynamics, trajectory and orbit design and maintenance, launch ascent and planetary reentry aerodynamics. Part b: spacecraft mechanical, structural, and thermal design; power in space; space environment and survivability; spacecraft and payload design; communications. Part c: space mission analysis and design, space logistics and reliability, mission and life-cycle cost analysis, and space systems integration. Student team projects focusing on a mission design study during third term. Instructors: Dimotakis, Davis, Quadrelli.

CE/Ae/AM 108 abc. Computational Mechanics. 9 units (3-0-6). For course description, see Civil Engineering.

Ae 115 ab. Spacecraft Navigation. 9 units (3-0-6); second, third terms. Prerequisite: CDS 110 a. This course will survey all aspects of modern spacecraft navigation, including astrodynamics, tracking systems for both low-Earth and deep-space applications (including the Global Positioning System and the Deep Space Network observables), and the statistical orbit determination problem (in both the batch and sequential Kalman filter implementations). The course will describe some of the scientific applications directly derived from precision orbital knowledge, such as planetary gravity field and topography modeling. Numerous examples drawn from actual missions as navigated at JPL will be discussed. Instructor: Watkins.

Ae/ME 120 ab. Combustion Fundamentals. 9 units (3-0-6); second, third terms. Prerequisite: ME 119 a or equivalent. The course will cover thermodynamics of pure substances and mixtures, equations of state, chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics, combustion chemistry, transport phenomena, and the governing equations for multicomponent gas mixtures. Topics will be chosen from non-premixed and premixed flames, the fluid mechanics of laminar flames, flame mechanisms of combustion-generated pollutants, and numerical simulations of multicomponent reacting flows. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 121 abc. Space Propulsion. 9 units (3-0-6); each term. Open to all graduate students and to seniors with instructor’s permission. Modern aspects of rocket, electrical, and nuclear propulsion systems and the principles of their application to lifting, ballistic, and spaceflight trajectories. Combustion and burning characteristics of solid and liquid propellants, liquid-propellant fuel systems, and combustion instability. Fundamentals of electric propulsion including ion thrusters, MHD, Hall effect, and arcjets. Introduction to spacecraft station keeping, stability, and control. Instructor: Polk.

Ae/CDS 125 abc. Space Missions and Systems Engineering. 9 units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisites: Ph 1 abc, Ma 1 abc, Ph 2 ab, Ma 2 ab. This course presents the fundamentals of modern systems engineering, spacecraft design methods, and space trajectories and mission engineering. The theory and application of the following topics are addressed: systems engineering principles and methods, space trajectories and mission design, spacecraft attitude determination and control systems, rocket propulsion systems, avionics, spacecraft mechanical design, spacecraft thermal design, telecommunications theory and link analysis. Ae/CDS 125 a, b: spacecraft and mission design lectures and problems selected by the instructor. Ae/CDS 125 b, c: a collaborative, computer-assisted spacecraft and mission design project in which students assume the roles of cognizant engineers. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 150 abc. Aerospace Engineering Seminar. 1 unit; first, second, third terms. Speakers from campus and outside research and manufacturing organizations discuss current problems and advances in aerospace engineering. Graded pass/fail. Instructor: Pullin.

Ae 159. Space Optical System Engineering. 9 units (3-0-6); third term. Prerequisite: Ph 2, EE/Ge 157, or equivalent; APh 23 desirable. Introduction to optical system engineering for remote sensing from space will be presented. End-to-end optical systems are discussed within the framework of the 10 scientific/technical disciplines required to build a successful system: optical engineering, physical optics of materials, solid-state physics/detectors, mechanics and mechanisms engineering, wavefront sensing and control, structures and dynamics, thermal engineering, spacecraft engineering, psychology of vision and software processing of images, and end-to-end system validation and calibration. Emphasis will be on the development of optical engineering tools. Instructor: Breckinridge.

Ae/Ge/ME 160 ab. Continuum Mechanics of Fluids and Solids. 9 units (3-0-6); first, second terms. Elements of Cartesian tensors. Configurations and motions of a body. Kinematics—study of deformations, rotations and stretches, polar decomposition. Lagrangian and Eulerian strain velocity and spin tensor fields. Irrotational motions, rigid motions. Kinetics—balance laws. Linear and angular momentum, force, traction stress. Cauchy’s theorem, properties of Cauchy’s stress. Equations of motion, equilibrium equations. Power theorem, nominal (Piola-Kirchoff) stress. Thermodynamics of bodies. Internal energy, heat flux, heat supply. Laws of thermodynamics, notions of entropy, absolute temperature. Entropy inequality (Clausius-Duhem). Examples of special classes of constitutive laws for materials without memory. Objective rates, corotational, convected rates. Principles of materials frame indifference. Examples: the isotropic Navier-Stokes fluid, the isotropic thermoelastic solid. Basics of finite differences, finite elements, and boundary integral methods, and their applications to continuum mechanics problems illustrating a variety of classes of constitutive laws. Instructor: Rosakis.

Ae 200. Advanced Research in Aeronautics. Units to be arranged. Ae.E. or Ph.D. thesis level research under the direction of the staff. A written research report must be submitted during finals week each term.

Ae 201. Advanced Fluid Mechanics. 9 units (3-0-6); first term. Prerequisites: Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc or equivalent; AM 125 abc or ACM 101 abc (may be taken concurrently). Foundations of the mechanics of real fluids. Basic concepts will be emphasized. Subjects covered will include a selection from the following topics: physical properties of real gases; the equations of motion of viscous and inviscid fluids; the dynamical significance of vorticity; vortex dynamics; exact solutions; motion at high Reynolds numbers; hydrodynamic stability; boundary layers; flow past bodies; compressible flow; subsonic, transonic, and supersonic flow; shock waves. Instructor: Pullin.

Ae 204 ab. Technical Fluid Mechanics. 9 units (3-0-6); second, third terms. Prerequisite: Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc or equivalent. External and internal flow problems encountered in engineering, for which only empirical methods exist. Turbulent shear flow, separation, transition, three-dimensional and nonsteady effects. Basis of engineering practice in the design of devices such as mixers, ejectors, diffusers, and control valves. Studies of flow-induced oscillations, wind effects on structures, vehicle aerodynamics. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 208 abc. GALCIT Colloquium. 1 unit; first, second, third terms. A seminar course in fluid, solid, space, and bio mechanics. Week-ly lectures on current developments are presented by staff members, graduate students, and visiting scientists and engineers. Graded pass/fail. Instructors: Gharib, Ravichandran.

Note: The following courses, with numbers greater than 209, are one-, two-, or three-term courses offered to interested students. Depending on conditions, some of the courses may be taught as tutorials or reading courses, while others may be conducted more formally.

Ae/AM/MS/ME 213. Mechanics and Materials Aspects of Fracture. 9 units (3-0-6); second term. Prerequisites: Ae/AM/CE/ME 102 abc (concurrently) or equivalent and instructor’s permission. Analytical and experimental techniques in the study of fracture in metallic and nonmetallic solids. Mechanics of brittle and ductile fracture; connections between the continuum descriptions of fracture and micromechanisms. Discussion of elastic-plastic fracture analysis and fracture criteria. Special topics include fracture by cleavage, void growth, rate sensitivity, crack deflection and toughening mechanisms, as well as fracture of nontraditional materials. Fatigue crack growth and life prediction techniques will also be discussed. In addition, “dynamic” stress wave dominated, failure initiation growth and arrest phenomena will be covered. This will include traditional dynamic fracture considerations as well as discussions of failure by adiabatic shear localization. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae/AM/CE/ME 214 abc. Computational Solid Mechanics. 9 units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisites: AM 125 abc or equivalent; ACM 100 abc or equivalent; CE/AM/Ae 108 abc or equivalent or instructor’s permission; Ae/AM/CE/ME 102 abc or equivalent; Ae/Ge/ME 160 ab desirable or taken concurrently. Introduction to the use of numerical methods in the solution of solid mechanics and materials problems. First term: geometrical representation of solids. Automatic meshing. Approximation theory. Interpolation error estimation. Optimal and adaptive meshing. Second term: variational principles in linear elasticity. Finite element analysis. Error estimation. Convergence. Singularities. Adaptive strategies. Constrained problems. Mixed methods. Stability and convergence. Variational problems in nonlinear elasticity. Consistent linearization. The Newton-Rahpson method. Bifurcation analysis. Adaptive strategies in nonlinear elasticity. Constrained finite deformation problems. Contact and friction. Third term: time integration. Algorithm analysis. Accuracy, stability, and convergence. Operator splitting and product formulas. Coupled problems. Impact and friction. Subcycling. Space-time methods. Inelastic solids. Constitutive updates. Stability and convergence. Consistent linearization. Applications to finite deformation viscoplasticity, viscoelasticity, and Lagrangian modeling of fluid flows. Instructor: Ortiz.

Ae/AM/ME 215. Dynamic Behavior of Materials. 9 units (3-0-6); first term. Prerequisites: ACM 100 abc or AM 125 abc; Ae/AM/CE/ME 102 abc. Fundamentals of theory of wave propagation; plane waves, wave guides, dispersion relations; dynamic plasticity, adiabatic shear banding; dynamic fracture; shock waves, equation of state. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 220 ab.Theory of Structures. 9 units (3-0-6); first, second terms. Geometry of spatial curves; finite 3-D rotations; finite deformations of curved rods; dynamics of rods; strings and cables; theory of plastic rods; statistical mechanics of chains; applications including frames and cable structures, polymers, open-cell foams, DNA mechanics, cell mechanics; small strain and von Karman theory of plates; applications to thin films, layered structures, functionally graded thin films, delamination, plastic collapse; surface geometry; finite deformations of shells; dynamics of plates and shells; membranes; theory of plastic plates and shells; fracture of plates and shells; elastic and plastic stability; wrinkling and relaxation; applications including solar sails, space structures, closed-cell foams, biological membranes; numerical methods for structural analysis; discrete geometry; finite elements for rods, plates and shells; time-integration methods; thermal analysis. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 221. Space Structures. 9 units (3-0-6); third term. This course examines the links between form, geometric shape, and structural performance. It deals with different ways of breaking up a continuum, and how this affects global structural properties; structural concepts and preliminary design methods that are used in tension structures and deployable structures. Geometric foundations, polyhedra and tessellations, surfaces; space frames, examples of space frames, stiffness and structural efficiency of frames with different repeating units; sandwich plates; cable and membrane structures, form-finding, wrinkle-free pneumatic domes, balloons, tension-stabilized struts, tensegrity domes; deployable and adaptive structures, coiled rods and their applications, flexible shells, membranes, structural mechanisms, actuators, concepts for adaptive trusses and manipulators. Instructor: Pellegrino.

Ae/AM/ME 223. Plasticity. 9 units (3-0-6); third term. Prerequisite: Ae/AM/CE/ME 102 abc or instructor’s permission. Theory of dislocations in crystalline media. Characteristics of dislocations and their influence on the mechanical behavior in various crystal structures. Application of dislocation theory to single and polycrystal plasticity. Theory of the inelastic behavior of materials with negligible time effects. Experimental background for metals and fundamental postulates for plastic stress-strain relations. Variational principles for incremental elastic-plastic problems, uniqueness. Upper and lower bound theorems of limit analysis and shakedown. Slip line theory and applications. Additional topics may include soils, creep and rate-sensitive effects in metals, the thermodynamics of plastic deformation, and experimental methods in plasticity. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae/AM/ME 225. Special Topics in Solid Mechanics. Units to be arranged. Subject matter will change from term to term depending upon staff and student interest but may include such topics as structural dynamics; aeroelasticity; thermal stress; mechanics of inelastic and composite materials; and nonlinear problems. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae/ACM 232 abc. Computational Fluid Dynamics. 9 units (3-0-6); first, second, third terms. Prerequisites: Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc or equivalent; ACM 100 abc or AM 125 abc, or equivalent; ACM 104, ACM 105, or equivalent. Introduction to the use of numerical methods in the solution of fluid mechanics problems. First term: review of basic numerical techniques: interpolation, integration, application for systems of ordinary differential equations, stability and accuracy. Treatment of partial differential equations in one space variable. Nonlinear convective- diffusive and convective-dispersive phenomena. Treatment of discontinuous solutions. Second term: survey of finite difference, finite element, and spectral approximations for the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in two and three dimensions. Numerical study of problems of hydrodynamic stability, transition, and turbulence. Third term: methods for the numerical solution of the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in one, two, and three dimensions. Finite-difference and finite-volume methods. Methods based on solution of the Riemann problem. Flux-splitting. Shock-capturing methods and related stability problems. Implicit artificial viscosity for the Euler equations. Total variation diminishing approximations. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 233. Hydrodynamic Stability. 9 units (3-0-6); third term. Prerequisite: Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc or equivalent. Laminar-stability theory as a guide to laminar-turbulent transition. Rayleigh equation, instability criteria, and response to small inviscid disturbances. Discussion of Kelvin-Helmholtz, Rayleigh-Taylor, Richtmeyer-Meshkov, and other instabilities. The Orr-Sommerfeld equation, the dual role of viscosity, and boundary-layer stability. Effects of pressure gradient, suction, and heat transfer in liquids and gases. Global and convective instabilities. Active control in the transition regime. Weakly nonlinear stability theory. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 234. Hypersonic Aerodynamics. 9 units (3-0-6); first term. Prerequisites: Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc or equivalent, AM 125 abc, or instructor’s permission. An advanced course dealing with aerodynamic problems of flight at hypersonic speeds. Topics are selected from hypersonic small-disturbance theory, blunt-body theory, boundary layers and shock waves in real gases, heat and mass transfer, testing facilities and experiment. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 235. Rarefied Gasdynamics. 9 units (3-0-6); third term. Molecu-lar description of matter; distribution functions; discrete-velocity gases. Kinetic theory: free-path theory, internal degrees of freedom. Boltzmann equation: BBGKY hierarchy and closure, H theorem, Euler equations, Chapman-Enskog procedure, free-molecule flows. Collisionless and transitional flows. Direct simulation Monte Carlo methods. Applications. Instructor: Pullin.

Ae 236. Separated Flows. 9 units (3-0-6); second term. Topics include a review of boundary-layer theory, Kirchhoff model of separation, triple-deck theory, Sychev model, effect of turbulence on separation, location of separation points in various practical applications, classes of three-dimensionality, separation in three-dimensional steady flow, topological structure of steady three-dimensional separation, open separation, local solutions, and shock-wave boundary-layer interaction. Instructor: Gharib.

Ae 237 ab. Nonsteady Gasdynamics. 9 units (3-0-6); second, third terms. Part a: dynamics of shock waves, expansion waves, and related discontinuities in gases. Adiabatic phase-transformation waves. Interaction of waves in one- and two-dimensional flows. Boundary layers and shock structure. Applications and shock tube techniques. Part b: shock and detonation waves in solids and liquids. Equations of state for hydrodynamic computations in solids, liquids, and explosive reaction products. CJ and ZND models of detonation in solids and liquids. Propagation of shock waves and initiation of reaction in explosives. Interactions of detonation waves with water and metals. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 238. Sources of Vorticity. 9 units (3-0-6); second term. Torque exerted on element of fluid by stress distribution. Conditions at a solid boundary. The baroclinic torque, compressibility, stratification. Effects of viscoelasticity and turbulence. Accelerated reference frames, and body forces. Unorthodox boundary conditions. Vorticity production due to discretization errors in numerical computations. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 239 ab. Turbulence. 9 units (3-0-6); second, third terms. Prerequisites: Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc; AM 125 abc or ACM 101 abc; Ae 201 (may be taken concurrently). Homogeneous isotropic turbulence and structure of fine scales. Reynolds-averaged equations and the problem of closure. Physical and spectral models. Subgridscale modeling. Structure of scalar fields, fractals, and irregular level sets. Turbulent mixing. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 240. Special Topics in Fluid Mechanics. Units to be arranged; first term. Subject matter changes depending upon staff and student interest. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae 241. Special Topics in Experimental Fluid and Solid Mechanics. 9 units (3-0-6). Prerequisites: Ae/APh 104 or equivalent or instructor’s permission. Selected topics, to be announced, subject matter depending on current interests. Not offered 2007–08.

Ae/BE 242. Biological Flows: Propulsion. 9 units (3-0-6); second term. Prerequisites: Ae/APh/CE/ME 101 abc or equivalent or ChE 103 a. Physical principles of unsteady fluid momentum transport: equations of motion, dimensional analysis, conservation laws. Unsteady vortex dynamics: vorticity generation and dynamics, vortex dipoles/rings, wake structure in unsteady flows. Life in moving fluids: unsteady drag, added-mass effects, virtual buoyancy, bounding and schooling, wake capture. Thrust generation by flapping, undulating, rowing, jetting. Low Reynolds number propulsion. Bioinspired design of propulsion devices. Not offered 2007–08.

BE/Ae 243. Biological Flows: Transport and Circulatory Systems. 9 units (3-0-6). For course description, see Bioengineering.

Ae 244. Mechanics of Nanomaterials. 9 units (3-0-6); first term. Basics of the mechanics of nanomaterials, including the physical and chemical synthesis/processing techniques for creating nanostructures and their relation with mechanical and other structural properties.Overview of the properties of various types of nanomaterials including nanostructured metals/ceramics/composites, nanowires, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, nanopatterns, self-assembled colloidal crystals, magnetic nanomaterials, and biorelated nanomaterials. Innovative experimental methods and microstructural characterization developed for studying the mechanics at the nanoscale will be described. Recent advances in the application of nanomaterials in engineering systems and patent-related aspects of nanomaterials will also be covered. Open to undergraduates with instructor’s permission. Instructor: Daraio.

Ae/Ge/ME 266 ab. Dynamic Fracture and Frictional Faulting. 9 units (3-0-6); second, third terms. Prerequisites: Ae/AM/CE/ME 102 abc or Ae/Ge/ME 160 ab or instructor’s permission. Introduction to elastodynamics and waves in solids. Dynamic fracture theory, energy concepts, cohesive zone models. Friction laws, nucleation of frictional instabilities, dynamic rupture of frictional interfaces. Radiation from moving cracks. Thermal effects during dynamic fracture and faulting. Crack branching and faulting along nonplanar interfaces. Related dynamic phenomena, such as adiabatic shear localization. Applications to engineering phenomena and physics and mechanics of earthquakes. Instructor: Lapusta.